A shekara ta 1877, Fremi, masanin kimiyar Faransa, ya yi amfani da tsantsar alumina foda, potassium carbonate, barium fluoride da ƙaramin adadin potassium bichromate a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa.Bayan kwanaki 8 na babban zafin jiki na narkewa a cikin kullun, an sami ƙananan lu'ulu'u na ruby, wanda shine farkon ruby na wucin gadi.
A cikin 1900, masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da aluminum oxide bayan narke karamin adadin chromium oxide, Cr2O3, bisa ga nauyin nauyin 0. Tare da hanyar da aka kara 7%, an samar da 2g ~ 4g rubies.A yau, ana iya yin rubies da sapphires masu girma kamar gram 10.
A cikin 1885, wasu rubies na wucin gadi masu inganci sun bayyana a Geneva, Switzerland.An ce akwai gutsuttsuran rubi na halitta, da jajayen potassium dichromate da sauran narkewar zafin jiki da aka yi, da yanayin samfuran halitta.Duk da haka, masanin ilmin sunadarai na Faransa Verneuil ne ya yi gemstone kuma ya sanya shi a cikin manyan ayyuka.
A shekara ta 1891, Verneuer ya ƙirƙira tsarin narkewar harshen wuta kuma ya yi amfani da shi don yin duwatsu masu daraja.Bayan nasara, ya gwada da alumina mai tsabta.An gudanar da gwajin ne a cikin tanderun zafin jiki mai zafi tare da jujjuyawar hydrogen da bututun busa iskar oxygen.Kyakkyawar foda na alumina zalla mai ɗauke da ƙaramin adadin chromium oxide a hankali an jefar da shi a cikin harshen wuta kuma ya narke, yana ɗigowa a kan tushe don tashewa da crystallize.Bayan shekaru goma na aiki tukuru.
Vernayet ne ya yi rubies na wucin gadi a shekara ta 1904, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin an gama narkewar harshen wuta don samar da yakutu kusan ba za a iya bambanta su da na halitta ba.An yi amfani da wannan hanya har zuwa zamani kuma har yanzu ita ce babbar hanyar samar da duwatsu masu daraja a duniya, wanda aka sani da "Hanyar Verneuil".Yanzu yana ɗaukar 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan kawai don samar da fiye da 100 carats na ruby raw dutse, lu'ulu'u na wucin gadi corundum tare da bayyanar siffar pear ko siffar karas, rubutu mai tsabta, bayyanar launi har ma fiye da samfurori na halitta, da kuma babbar fa'idar tattalin arziki.Tsarin Verneuil na zamani ba wai kawai yana samar da yakutu daga ruwan hoda mai haske zuwa ja mai zurfi ba, har ma da sapphires na launuka daban-daban, har ma da yakutu da sapphires tare da hasken tauraro.Abin al'ajabi ne.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-11-2023