I ka makahiki 1877, ua hoʻohana ʻo Fremi, he loea Farani, i ka pauka alumina maʻemaʻe, potassium carbonate, barium fluoride a me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka potassium bichromate i mea maka. Ma hope o 8 mau lā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wela kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi crucible, loaʻa nā kristal ruby liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ruby artificial.
I ka makahiki 1900, ua hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka alumini oxide ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka chromium oxide, Cr2O3, e like me ke kaupaona ʻana o 0. Me ke ʻano 7% i hoʻohui ʻia, 2g ~ 4g rubies i hana ʻia. I kēia lā, hiki ke hana ʻia nā rubi a me nā sapphires e like me ka 10 grams.
I ka makahiki 1885, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau rubi artificial kiʻekiʻe ma Geneva, Switzerland. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia aia nā ʻāpana ruby maoli, me ka potassium dichromate ʻulaʻula a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia, a me ke ʻano o nā huahana kūlohelohe. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea lapaʻau Farani ʻo Verneuil ka mea nāna i hana i ka pōhaku makamae a hoʻokomo i loko o ka hana nui.
I ka makahiki 1891, hoʻokumu ʻo Verneuer i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka lapalapa a hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā pōhaku kiʻi. Ma hope o ka holomua, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia me ka alumina maʻemaʻe. Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i loko o kahi umu Muffle wela me ka hydrogen inverted a me ka paipu puhi oxygen. ʻO ka pauka maikaʻi o ka alumina maʻemaʻe i loaʻa kahi wahi o ka chromium oxide i hoʻokuʻu mālie ʻia i loko o ka lapalapa a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, kulu ʻia ma ke kumu e hoʻomāhuahua a kristal. Ma hope o ʻumi makahiki o ka hana nui.
Ua hana ʻia nā rubi artificial e Vernayet i ka makahiki 1904, a mai ia manawa ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke ahi e hana i nā rubi i aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia mai nā mea maoli. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana a hiki i kēia mau lā a ʻo ia ke ʻano nui o ka hana ʻana i nā pōhaku artificial i ka honua, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Verneuil method". I kēia manawa he mau hola wale nō ka hana ʻana ma mua o 100 carats o ka pōhaku maka, nā kristal corundum artificial me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka pear a i ʻole ke ʻano kāloti, ke ʻano maʻemaʻe, ke ʻano o ka waihoʻoluʻu ma mua o nā huahana kūlohelohe, a me nā pono waiwai nui. ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻo Verneuil o kēia wā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopuka wale i nā rubi mai ka ʻulaʻula māmā a i ka ʻulaʻula hohonu, akā i nā sapphis o nā kala like ʻole, a me nā rubi a me nā sapphires me nā hōkū hōkū. He hana mana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-11-2023